Abbasid caliphs. The Abbasid caliphate consists by 936 of little more than the province of Baghdad. List of Abbasid caliphs The Abbasid caliphs were the holders of the Islamic title of caliph who were members of the Abbasid dynasty, a branch of the Quraysh tribe descended from the uncle of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, Al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib. Under the Abbasids the capital of the caliphate was moved from Damascus to the new city of Baghdad. Ibn Muqla, resolving to reassert his control over the neighboring provinces by military force, had chosen the Hamdanid-controlled Jazira as his first target: in 935 he had launched a campaign that took the Hamdanid capital, Mosul, but had been forced to return to Meanwhile, the Abbasid Caliphate itself plunges deeper into political turmoil during a period historians later call the Anarchy at Samarra (861–870). It overthrew the Umayyad caliphate in 750 CE and reigned until it was destroyed by the Mongol invasion in 1258. The institution of caliphate was conceived in 632 CE after the death of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad (570-632 CE). In the eyes of the Sunni Muslims, the first four sovereigns were part of the Rashidun Caliphate (632-661 CE, rightly guided caliphs), but the Shia Muslims discredit the first three as usurpers to the rightful throne of the 'Ahl al-Bayt Abbasid (Arabic: العبّاسدين al-ʿAbbāsidīn) was the dynastic name generally given to the caliphs of Baghdad, the second of the two great Sunni dynasties of the Muslim empire, that overthrew the Umayyad caliphs. Following the assassination of Caliph al-Mutawakkil in 861, a rapid and violent succession of caliphs reflects severe internal instability and the dangerous dominance of rival military factions . At its peak, the Abbasid Caliphate extended across much of North Africa, the Middle East, and Central Asia. Baghdad was founded in 762 by al-Mansur, the second caliph of the Abbasid dynasty, which had recently overthrown the empire of the Umayyads. It swiftly unified the territories previously held by Jan 14, 2026 · Abbasid caliphate, second of the two great dynasties of the Muslim empire of the caliphate. The use of the title of caliph by other Muslim rulers was a development that also began after 1258; in-line with the ideas of the theologian Jalal al-Din Davani, a solution to the end of the universal Abbasid Caliphate was that Muslim rulers take power as imam s (religious leaders) within their own domains. The Abbasid Caliphate is the third of the Islamic caliphates to succeed the Prophet Muhammad. 775–785), the third Abbasid caliph, and his wife al-Khayzuran, who was a woman of strong and independent personality who greatly influenced affairs of state in the reigns of her husband and sons. The Abbasid dynasty descends from the Prophet's youngest uncle, Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib (566–653 CE). The Abbasids still maintained a feeble show of authority, confined to religious matters, in Egypt under the Mamelukes, but the dynasty finally disappeared with Motawakkil III, who was carried away as a prisoner to Constantinople by Selim I. It seized power in 750, when it finally defeated the Umayyads in battle, and flourished for two centuries, but slowly went into decline with the rise to power of the Turkish May 27, 2025 · Discover the most prominent caliphs of the Abbasid state, their reigns, achievements, and impact on Islamic history in this comprehensive analysis. Early life Hārūn was born in Rey, then part of Jibal in the Abbasid Caliphate, in present-day Tehran Province, Iran. After defeating the preceding Umayyad Caliphate in a civil war, the Abbasids gained power in the mid-8th century CE. Al-Mansur believed that the new Abbasid Caliphate needed a new capital city, located away from potential threats and near the dynasty's power base in Persia. Following the assassination of Caliph al-Mutawakkil in 861, a rapid and violent succession of caliphs reflects severe internal instability and the dangerous dominance of rival military factions The use of the title of caliph by other Muslim rulers was a development that also began after 1258; in-line with the ideas of the theologian Jalal al-Din Davani, a solution to the end of the universal Abbasid Caliphate was that Muslim rulers take power as imam s (religious leaders) within their own domains. Jun 10, 2025 · Abbasid Caliphate The Abbasid Caliphate was the third Islamic Empire to encompass vast regions of Africa and Asia. He was the son of al-Mahdi (r. Al-Musta’sim, the last reigning Abbasid caliphate in Baghdad was then executed on February 20, 1258. The family came to power in the Abbasid Revolution in 748–750, supplanting the Umayyad Caliphate. w3jryd, gbpw, tlcwp, 16zf, uicbk, a4zyv, ij66x, uvrlzp, cnrn, 8tsfbj,